Lhasa Apsos and Shih Tzu dogs are perhaps the two most similar dogs out of all small breeds. They are both of miniature built and have long hair. But their most striking similarity is the fact that they both come from long lineages of dog breeds that catered exclusively to royalty! Lhasa Apsos were highly favored by Dalai Lamas in Tibet while Shi Tzus were the top choice of ancient Chinese emperors.

The truth is Shih Tzu dogs and Lhasa Apsos are in fact, related. Though Lhasa Apsos originated from Tibet, they eventually made their way to China as gifts from Dalai Lhamas to Chinese Emperors. Upon their arrival in China, palace breeding kennels cross bred them with Pekingese dogs. Thus, the birth of the Shih Tzu breed.

However, though it may seem that we can hardly tell apart a Lhasa Apso from a Shih Tzu, both breeds also have their distinct differences. Here is a quick breakdown of each dog’s similarities and differences:

Built
Though two dogs are approximately the same size, you would notice that Lhasa Apsos have slightly taller and longer bodies. Shih Tzus on the other hand, are slightly smaller and have longer tails that curl up to their back.

Temperament
As far as personality goes, Lhasa Apsos tend to be more over-protective and guarded, while Shih Tzu dogs are usually more cheerful and outgoing. Both breeds are very distinct chewers as well.

Trainability
Since Lhasa Apsos tend to be more aloof, chances are they may respond negatively to basic training exercises. Shih Tzus, on the other hand, are much more eager to please their owners.

Health
As far as health concerns go, findings show that Shih Tzus tend to be more prone to eye infections as compared to Lhasa Apsos. Other health concerns that are quite common among both Shih Tzus and Lhasa Apsos include the risks of kidney infection, heart, vision, and spinal cord problems.

Appearance and Grooming
When it comes to dog grooming, it may be hard to tell one breed from the other. Usually Shih Tzus have a much sleeker look to them. It’s long, straight, and flowing hair would be different from the Lhasa Apso’s much shorter mop.

Whatever the case, simply remember that even though Lhasa Apsos and Shih Tzu share quite a number of traits together, the two are still very separate dogs with different personalities. Whatever breed you choose, one thing is for sure, any one of the two would prove to be a genuine loving companion.

 In the past, “toy” dogs have often been bred to make a dog owner’s life easier, mainly for the richer sectors in society. They were owned by the affluent and were seen as status symbols and a luxury item despite their apparent lack of purpose. However, nowadays they have become a fashion statement for all social classes rich and poor, celebrities far and wide. Indeed, entire sites are now being created devoted to the canine preferences of our favourite celebs, and these can have a real impact – for good or bad being a point of debate – on the trends of dog ownership around the globe. Toy dogs are generally easier to care for, but they are usually not fond of children and large families. They also tend to be a bit “yappy”, however they are loyal and intelligent and great entertainers. Here are just five favourite pocket pooches:

Yorkshire Terrier

Definitely a favourite in the UK, naturally due to its origin. First bred to catch rats in the coalmines, this rugged and slightly scruffy looking toy dog is very popular because it does have all of the loveable characteristics of a larger dog, only in miniature. They are about 7-9 inches tall and weigh 5-7 pounds. The Yorkie is easily recognisable due to its long shiny straight coat which is coloured reds, tans and greys that can reach to the floor. Naturally this beautiful coat needs daily grooming.

The Yorkie has boundless energy and an even temperament. They can be hard to train, but with persistence it is manageable as they are usually intelligent and quick to learn. Yorkies are quite sociable dogs and often get along with other pets, but do tend to be very possessive of their food and toys. They are best suited to families with older and calmer children, rather than toddlers. They don’t need excessive walks and often will not walk on a lead, so obedience training may be necessary. They will be wary of strangers, and will bark in defence, so are excellent guard dogs, but it is advisable to socialise early so that they don’t become too shrill and yappy. Their lifespan is approximately 12-14 years. Contemporary celebrity Yorkie-lovers include teen pop princess Miley Cyrus, who has a Yorkshire Terrier named Roadie.

Shih Tzu

It is sometimes thought that the origin of the Shih Tzu goes way back to them being shown in paintings and art of the Tang dynasty in 618 to 907AD. Other thoughts are that the Tibet’s Dalai Lama in the 16th or 17th century gave a gift to the Chinese Emperor of the sacred Tibetan Lhasa Apso dogs. In the Tibetan religion, there are stories of a small dog that can transform itself into a lion. These Tibetan Lhasa Apsos, when introduced in Peking, were crossed with the Pekingese to produce the Shih Tzu, which means “Lion Dog” in Chinese. Unfortunately, they almost became extinct when the Chinese Communist government imposed a huge dog tax in 1947. Luckily there were other breeding pairs in Europe and the breed also became extremely popular in the US after WW2, and more recently haveing been “endorsed” by celebrities such as Nicole Ritchie, who has one named Honeychild

Despite their delicately exotic looks, they are one of the most robust of the toy dogs. They are 8-10 inches tall and 9-16 pounds in weight. They are intelligent, playful, affectionate, friendly, and outgoing dogs and require some training, especially house training. They are also extremely loyal to their owners and families, showing only rare bouts of aggression. Therefore, great with other pets and older children, but not great watchdogs.

This dog is a true lap dog and will love being pampered all day long. This for a Shih Tzu is important because they require a lot of grooming. Their double coat needs to be brushed and combed thoroughly every day to prevent tangles. The long hair can scratch the dog’s eyes and therefore should be tied up away from the face. It is best have their coats trimmed and clipped regularly. While this may change their overall appearance, it is better to have a clipped Shih Tzu than one full of tangles. They do also enjoy daily walks and are more than happy to trot along with you. Their lifespan is approximately 10-14 years.

Chihuahua

The Chihuahua is the smallest of the toy dogs. Their recent popularity may be due in part to the likes of Paris Hilton, but they were probably first bred in Chihuahua, Mexico during the time of the Aztecs. The longer coated Chihuahua was thought to have been bred later in the U.S. Chihuahuas weigh 2-6 pounds and are a mere 5-9 inches in height. The two varieties are Smooth-coat and Long-coat, which are extremely similar bar their coat. Smooth-coated Chihuahuas tend to be the more popular, as they have glossy, smooth, soft coats. Long-Coated Chihuahuas have longer, soft coats that feather on the tail, ears, neck and feet. They are the ultimate apartment dog and are extremely popular with older people.

Chihuahuas are intelligent, loyal and loving dogs, devoted totally to their owners and family. They thrive on close interaction and contact with the family, hence why they make such great companions. However, despite this, they are prone to being a bit “snooty” and aloof, as well as fiercly jealous and possessive. They most certainly have delusions of grandeur, are very confident and will undoubtedly challenge any larger dogs. Chihuahuas are great with older children if they have been raised with them.

These little dogs can actually be trained quite easily. Chihuahuas are known to be somewhat insecure and this is what can cause their excessive barking, so ideally socialisation and training whilst still a puppy is advised. Chihuahuas tend to get the exercise that they need indoors – be careful with them jumping from furniture as they can easily hurt themselves – so they don’t appear to need much regular outdoor exercise. If you do venture out with them during the winter months, it’s best to keep them warm in a little coat. The Smooth-coated variety will only need the infrequent brush. The Long-coated Chihuahuas need regular grooming and trims. They are either single coated, which sheds little, or double coated that can shed quite a bit. Because they don’t get outdoors a lot, they will need to have their claws trimmed on a regular basis. Their lifespan is approximately 12-14 years.

Maltese

Definitely one of the most intelligent, gentle and loving of the toy dogs. As their name suggest, they originated from Malta. However there have been statues of similar looking dogs in Ancient Egyptian tombs as well as being a favourite breed of noble ladies in ancient Greece, Rome and the Middle Ages in Europe. Hollywood beauty and Academy Award winner Hale Berry owns two Maltese named Polly and Willy.

These dogs are full of energy and just adore playing. They have huge characters and are full of surprises. They are often insecure when a puppy, so early socialisation to people and other animals is advisable. This should then give them the confidence they need as they mature, hopefully lowering their inherent lack of trust in strangers and their tendency to bark. They enjoy training, so there is little issue there. They tend to be suited to older children.

The Maltese dogs are about 8 to 9 inches in height and weigh 4 to 7 pounds. They are easily recognisable by their long-haired coat, which is white, straight and silky. Naturally, because of their beautiful coat, they need daily grooming, including regular bathing. Their coat is normally centre parted with the coat almost reaching to the ground. They don’t shed their hair, so any dead hair should be brushed out. As their hair grows long over their eyes, tie it up so they can see. They love to go for walks as well as getting plenty of exercise indoors playing their games, but always keep them on the lead to avoid confrontations with larger dogs. Their lifespan is 14-15 years.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The Cavalier Spaniel was first bred in the 16th century in England and quickly became a favourite of European socialites. King Charles II also kept a large group of these dogs. They are often seen in portraits of European aristocracy. They were used to warm laps in chilly castles and on carriage rides. They are graceful, gentle, playful and mild mannered. They are superb family dogs, enjoying play and close contact with their families. They are sociable dogs and mingle well with children and adults of all ages, though, as with all breeds of dog your should always supervise play with younger children. They love cuddles on laps and anywhere warm and snuggly. Outdoors they are lively and do tend to chase small animals as is their hunting dog ancestry. Luckily they are easy to train and love long walks. They have long silky coats that feather around the neck and chest. They are usually, tan, red, white and black, either with two or three colours throughout their different varieties. With this coat they will need regular grooming, at least twice per week. They are about eleven to fourteen inches in height, making them one of the taller of the toy dogs, and weigh eleven to eighteen pounds. Their lifespan is ten to fourteen years. The list of celebrity King Charles Spaniel owners past and present is lengthy, and includes Lauren Bacall, Frank Sinatra and Liv Tyler.

Whatever breed of toy dog you choose as your companion, remember that you will need to consider how you will provide the necessary funds for veterinary treatment should you dog have an accident or become ill. There are so many pet insurance providers now that it can be difficult to decide what it the right choice for you and your faithful friend. Animal Friends Insurance is an ethical pet insurance company which donates all of its profits to helping animals all around the world. You could pay them a visit now, and let the information found there help you through the pet insurance maze.

If you are thinking of getting a dog or puppy, you have to remember that this is a lifelong commitment. Preparing yourself for the responsibilities of dog- ownership is the beginning of a happy and rewarding time sharing your home with a pet. If you treat a dog well, you will be repaid with a lifetime of unquestioning devotion. With training and care, a dog will obey your commands and be a valuable part of the family.

But what are the considerations? As this is a partnership and not a one-way relationship you have to consider whether you are suited to your chosen pet and vice versa.

When you are considering whether to offer a home to a puppy or dog, you need to think about:

Is a Dog Right For You

Look carefully at what you would want from a dog, and what you could give. This applies equally whether you are thinking about getting a tiny toy Poodle or a large adult Bull Mastiff. Remember, a tiny puppy can grow into a very big dog!

Your needs;

Lifestyle

Dogs, like small children, need time and attention. They like to be loved, and leaving them alone for long periods of time can be very upsetting. If you work long hours full-time, then a dog is probably not the pet for you at this stage in your career. If you have just had a new baby, or have very small children, again consider carefully about whether this is a good time to have another new family member.

Facilities available

Have you a large house and garden that would suit a boisterous, energetic type of dog? Are you the sedentary type who lives in a small flat, where maybe a small lapdog would be ideal? Dogs can vary in size from the chipper Chihuahua to the stately St Bernard, and in energy levels from the sprightly Springer Spaniel to a placid Pekingese. Remember the needs of a crossbred may be more difficult to predict. Your local library usually has plenty of books about different dog breeds, so it is worthwhile getting a selection to read about various dogs before you make up your mind.

A dog needs

Time

PDSA estimates that a dog will need about 5 hours a day of your time and undivided attention. That would include routine ‘maintenance’ such as grooming, dental care and feeding, as well as play.

Money

Dogs will cost you money as well as time. Not only are there the ‘one-off’ items, such as buying the dog, beds, leads and collars, but there are the regular expenses such as food. Again, the amount eaten depends on the breed and the activity. For example, a working dog will need a high energy diet, and a puppy will need a diet specific to its growing needs.

The Basics

Collar

There are lots of different collars around, and it is important to choose the correct one for your dog. A puppy should have a very light one, with room for growth but an adult can have any sort, fitting well so that there is no chance that the dog will slip out of it. A metal ‘check chain’ must be put on the right way round, as it can ‘lock’ if not, causing great distress.

The collar must legally have the owner’s name and address on it, and a contact telephone number is useful. Think about an ‘identichip’ that can be painlessly inserted under the skin by your vet. This provides unique indelible identification

Lead

Again, there are lots of different types. A young puppy can have a light-weight nylon lead, but an adult dog should have one that will not break when pulled. There are extendable leads, which may be suitable for one small dog but are best avoided where more than one dog is being walked.

Food and water bowls

These should be easy to clean, although they should always be washed separately and never with your own crockery. Stainless steel bowls, or heavy pottery ones with no chips, are fine. It is also important to throw out any uneaten food after your dog has finished eating and to make sure there is fresh water available at all times.

Dog Bed

A cosy, easily washed bed is important for dogs. This will be ‘their’ residence! Make sure you choose one that can be cleaned thoroughly, which is especially important in the summer when fleas are at their most active.

It should have no sharp corners or potential splinters that could cause injuries.

Toys

These are a vital part of a dog’s life. Not only do they make walks fun, but they make sure that the dog ‘socialises’ with the family. They can help clean teeth, they exercise the brain and can be used for training purposes.

Pooper scooper

It is essential that owners play their part in cleaning up after their dog. As part of pet owner responsibilities, always carry a ‘pooper scooper’ or a plastic bag with you to clean up any mess produced by your dog. This not only makes the environment cleaner, but prevents any serious dangers to children from canine parasites, such as Toxocara canis, a parasite that can cause blindness.

Grooming items

A long-haired Saluki will need more coat attention than a short-haired Jack Russell, but all dogs will need attention and regular bathing to keep their skin and coat well maintained.
You will need a brush and comb suited for the hair type of your chosen pet. A long-haired Yorkshire Terrier needs to be combed and brushed at least once a day, but a short-haired Boxer will probably only need a vigorous brushing twice a week.

Canine toothbrush and toothpaste

Regular brushing of your dog’s teeth and dental check-ups should be a routine part of dog care. Special canine toothpaste and brushes are now widely available from vets and pet shops, but avoiding sweet things is also important for dental care as well as weight control.

Make your pet comfortable when starting to brush, and approach them from the side rather than the front. You can begin with a flannel folded over a finger, or a special ‘finger brush’, but these are not as good as a proper canine toothbrush. Dogs don’t like human toothpaste, as it foams too much. It is much better to buy special ‘pet toothpaste’ which doesn’t foam and tastes far nicer to the dog! Start with a few teeth, and gradually increase it so that you can do the whole mouth in one session. Brush just the gums on the outside surface at first, as these are the ones that most need the care and attention.

At the end of this brushing, make sure you give a treat such as a rawhide strip (not chocolate or other sweeties!) so that your pet feels it’s all been worthwhile.

Looking after your puppy

Preparing

Now you have chosen the type of dog that you feel you can get along with, what is the next stage?

You want to get a pet that will fit in with you and your family. It can be a pure bred puppy from a breeder or it can be a cross-bred from a friend. To help you choose, it is better to have a good idea of what you will get. It is better to see the puppy with the mother, or if possible both parents, to give a good idea about the final size of the dog. You’ll know then whether the puppy comes from a good home and what the dog’s personality is likely to be. A healthy pup will also be inquisitive, alert and playful with a glossy coat. Remember, it is better to wait for the ideal canine partner rather than to choose impulsively, so you may have to save up or be on a waiting list for an expensive pure bred dog.

One way that everyone in the family can get involved is in choosing the new pup’s name. Remember, you may be calling this out across a park in the future, so choose one that everyone feels comfortable with, and which suits the dog.

Arrival

The best time to take on a new puppy is when you have time and there is not too much going on in the household. This is one of the factors why Christmas is not a good time to get a new dog. Two weeks of care and attention initially will pay off in the end. If you have older school-aged children, the school holidays are a good time to get that new family member. If possible, the primary ‘carer’ should be with the puppy for the next couple of weeks.

Make sure that you have got everything ready for the big day. Buy all of the equipment you need, and register your pup with a vet. Make sure that the day of arrival is as ‘normal’ as possible – the puppy is going to be scared and confused, so lots of people around making a fuss will only add to the distress. Make sure you have all of the things you would need for the new dog to make them feel as loved as possible. Remember, they are going to feel anxious and overwhelmed, so give them space and don’t worry too much if there are ‘accidents’!

Feeding

Feeding your puppy correctly is a big part of responsible pet care. Obesity is one of the biggest problems for pets, as dogs are natural gluttons and their bodies utilise a wide range of foods very efficiently. It is important that they get the correct diet for them, and a puppy’s diet varies according to age.

Puppies are ready to eat solid food when they are about 7 weeks old, although this does vary. It is best to feed them on a special tinned ‘puppy diet’ you can get from the local supermarket or pet shop. Initially, they will need four meals a day, but this can be reduced to three a day at about 12 weeks old. By the time they are 6 months, they can have two meals a day. This regime can continue for the rest of their life, or else it can be cut down to one meal daily, according to their needs.

Socialisation and training

Any puppy benefits from contact with humans and other dogs, but you will have to be careful that the puppy is protected by vaccinations before it comes into contact with other dogs or pet owners. The veterinary practice you have chosen may run ‘puppy parties’, which can give you advice, but in any case it is worthwhile getting the pet checked out by the vet as soon as you can. Make sure you tell the receptionist when booking an appointment that it is a young puppy.

Training should start as soon as possible, so that your dog fits in well with society.

One of the first things you will concentrate on is toilet training. Find an area indoors that you can clean up easily, and use that in the first stage. Put down plenty of newspaper. Your puppy will give you a clue that it needs to go to the toilet by sniffing around and being a bit restless. Pick up the puppy, one hand under the chest and one under the hindquarters, and transport it to the paper. When it performs the task, praise it and if it moves off the paper, rebuke it with a firm ‘no’. As soon as your pup is protected through its vaccinations, you can let the puppy go into the garden. Put down newspaper, and use the same technique you did inside – praise for success, rebuke if not. Gradually do away with the paper.

Puppies

When your dog is out, it will probably want to go to the toilet. As a responsible pet-owner, it is vital that you remove the solid waste from the pavement, or train your dog to use the gutter as its lavatory. There can be heavy fines for dog fouling, as well as being unacceptable for other people. ‘Pooper scoopers’ are available at most vets and pet shops, but good old plastic bags are just as good. Parks have special bins for dog waste, so make sure you remove any debris away from the public!
Social training is also important. Any behaviour that can be amusing in a puppy may be frightening in an adult. The puppy that nips is easier to deal with than the dog that bites! Every time your pup does something that is unacceptable, a firm ‘no’ will usually work. Don’t get angry with your puppy, but make sure it knows what is OK, and what is not.

You also have to make sure that your pet is not a danger to other dogs, pedestrians or the actual dog walker. Correct training from an early age is essential, so research where the local dog-training school is located. Try and find out from other dog-owners or your local library as soon as possible about any local classes.

Exercise

Again, this varies according to the breed, but it is vitally important. It helps the owner keep fit as well as the dog! You have to be very careful when exercising your dog, and numerous shorter walks a day are better than one long walk. When out for their exercise, dogs should be on a lead in a built up area, and only release your pup when you are absolutely sure your dog is safe. Not only are there dangers from traffic and other dogs which may not be as nice as yours, but tins, glass and other hazards can cause injuries.

Remember, as well, if you are getting a puppy, it can’t be taken out until the vet advises that it is protected by its vaccination programme .

Looking after your dog

Older Dogs

Preparing

Now you have chosen the type of dog that you feel you can get along with, what is the next stage?
If you have decided that an adult dog is the one for you, consider getting a rescued dog from a shelter, perhaps thinking about a ‘trial period’ to make sure the two of you will get on well.
One useful consideration is that a reputable shelter, dog-owner or breeder will want to check you out as the prospective owner. Don’t be put off by this – any responsible re-homing organisation or breeder would want to make sure their dogs were going to a caring home.

Arrival

The age of the dog affects the way you use the time allocated to your pet initially. An older dog may need help in adjusting to a new home, depending upon its past background. An adult dog will need just as much attention as a puppy would to settle into its new home.

Dietary advice

Dogs eat mainly meat, but still need a balanced diet with some carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. Complete diets are available and will provide all of your dog’s dietary needs, as will tinned food with biscuits. With all dietary regimes, it is important that dogs do not eat more food than they need. They are naturally quite greedy, and will often eat more than their calorific requirement. This leads to obesity, which is seen in over 50% of the dogs that come to PDSA. Most dogs are fed once or twice a day, and when they are young and active have very few problems if they are fed a good diet, with few tit-bits.

Dietary advice

At the ‘post-maturity stage’, which usually begins when smaller dogs are about eight years old and at five years for the large and giant breeds, they may have different dietary requirements. In this ‘post-maturity’ phase, the tissues, organs and systems of the pet are gradually becoming less efficient. This is quite a natural progression, but it can be well managed, hopefully making sure that the pet has a good level of activity and wellbeing for the remainder of its life.

The rate of progression is dependant on many factors, such as the environment the pet lives in and its genetic make-up. However, by far the most important component is the pet’s nutrition, both in the past and how it is now. A pet that is the optimal weight and has had a good diet throughout its life will enter this phase with few problems.

As soon as you notice any ‘ageing’ signs, such as greying around the muzzle or a bit of stiffness after rest and a gradual slowing down, you should start considering your pet’s diet, and how you can make it more suitable to its needs. You need to take account of the changes that are happening in your pet’s body. For example, the amount of skeletal muscle in the older pet will decrease with age. This loss of skeletal muscle means that not only is there less physical activity, but the pet’s ability to repair damaged tissues and produce energy from food is reduced.

Older dogs have varied dietary needs; ask your vet for advice about the one suited for your dog.

Socialisation and training

A well-trained dog is a pleasure to have around, and begin training as early as you can. It is possible to teach an older dog, but it is better to start when your dog is as young as possible. Start off with simple tasks, such as getting your dog to respond to its name. Then graduate to training around the house and in the garden using the lead. Training before a meal is a good time, as you are sure your dog will pay you full attention! The training periods should be short, about 15 minutes per session. Reinforce ‘good’ behaviour with a treat which can be gradually replaced with praise alone. Unacceptable behaviour should be corrected with a sharp ‘no’.

Exercise

The amount of exercise needed varies according to the age and breed of a dog. A small lapdog may need less exercise than an active hound. However, each dog has its own exercise needs, and as age creeps on it may prefer a more sedentary life. A responsible owner will still make sure his/her dog’s life is enjoyable, with exercise perhaps replaced by toys for mental stimulation.

Remember, as well, to follow any veterinary advice you have been given about exercise. For example, a dog after surgery will need to be rested, especially if it has had an orthopaedic operation.

Veterinary care

Choosing a vet

Either just before or as soon as you have got your new dog, you need to register with the vet you have chosen to look after your new pet. Choosing the vet who will look after you and your animals is as difficult as selecting the right pet! Making a visit to a practice waiting room and chatting to dog-owners can help, but the initial visit to the vet should give you enough information.

Make an appointment as soon as you can for a check-up, and the vet can then devise a care programme for your dog. Write a list of the questions you want to ask, so everything you want to know can be covered.

When to contact the vet

A vet would rather see healthy pets than sick ones that should have been treated earlier, so if you are worried about your pet it is always best to contact the practice. If your dog is unwell, there will have been a change in behaviour – it may be sleepier or off its food. They may be generally ‘off colour’. Owners should use their common sense about when to contact their vet; it will not make an owner popular to use the emergency service in the early hours of the morning for a trivial complaint.

Veterinary costs

While most dog-owners can consider the regular routine needs, such as vaccinations and worming, it is the out-of-the-ordinary expenses that a dog-owner may not be prepared for. The treatment associated with a road accident can run into thousands of pounds. Most dog owners are now considering pet insurance, which helps cover the unexpected. There are plenty of organisations around that offer this, including PDSA, so shop around for the best policy for you. Third-party insurance is included in most policies, and this is essential to avoid large payments should your dog be involved in an accident.

Essential veterinary care

A Vaccination Programme

This varies according to past history and the age of your dog. Prevention of infectious diseases through vaccinations is an essential part of caring for your dog. Your pet can be vaccinated against killer diseases such as distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, Leptospira canicola and icterohaemorrhagicae, parvovirus and the more uncommon canine parainfluenza and Bordatella bronchiseptica. Your dog will also need annual boosters.

If you are planning to take your pet abroad, remember your dog will need additional vaccinations and health checks.

Neutering Programme

Getting your bitch neutered, unless you are intending to breed from her with absolute certainty of good homes for the pups, is essential. The average number of offspring is between four and six pups per litter, though it can be many more. Other benefits include a reduced risk of mammary tumours later on in life, and avoidance of pyometra, a womb infection.

Neutering a male dog will decrease the tendency to roam and be aggressive. When your dog should be neutered, the benefits and small risks can all be discussed with your vet at the initial consultation.

Neutered animals of both sexes also tend to live longer.

Home Care

Coat care

Apart from general grooming with a brush and comb, your dog will need bathing. The number of baths your dog needs depends on the circumstances. For example, a dog should be bathed quite soon after rolling in the mud, so it doesn’t solidify on the coat. The shampoos available contain different ingredients, and if you just want a general shampoo, don’t use human products. These can be too drying for a dog’s coat; so get one with a moisturiser from your vet or a good pet shop.

The best way to bathe your dog is to use a ‘whirlpool’ type bath, but shower attachments work just as well. Don’t use the garden hose, as this can upset a dog as well as making your life a misery. You don’t need to protect your dog’s ears or eyes, as shaking removes the water from the ears and the eyes can be rinsed out easily. The coat should be reasonably clean to begin with; as any mud or debris can inactivate the shampoo. Wet the coat with lukewarm water, and massage the shampoo in the coat for 5-10 minutes. Shampooing can dry the coat due to water loss through the skin, so it is a good idea to use a moisturiser. You can apply it after bathing, or use a good moisturising shampoo. Gently towel dry your dog; the ‘towel bags’ you can get to completely enclose your pet are excellent. Don’t use a hair dryer as this can cause burns.

Diarrhoea and vomiting

Dogs sometimes get upset stomachs after eating something unusual whilst out. As long as the dog is well in all other respects, don’t offer any food for 24 hours, just sips of cool previously boiled water. If you allow the dog to drink too much at any one time, it may be sick again. If the diarrhoea and vomiting stop, introduce food – again small amounts. White meats, such as chicken or fish, should be fed with plain boiled rice and gradually introduce the dog’s normal diet. If the symptoms persist over a couple of days, or if there is an obvious turn for the worse, don’t leave it too long before you call the vet.

Eyes and ears

Normally a dog’s eyes are well lubricated but conjunctivitis causes the eyes to produce more tears than can be drained away and the eyes become reddened. In the meantime, before you can get to the vet’s, clean away any discharge using a piece of tissue or cotton wool soaked in warm, previously boiled, water. Use the piece of tissue/cotton wool just once, discarding after use and wipe from the inside of the eye area to the outside. Your pet’s vet should be consulted if the symptoms persist for more than a day.

Long-eared dogs are particularly prone to ear infections, but all dogs should have their ears inspected at least once a week. Any reddening or discharge needs a trip to the vet’s.

Sometimes dogs get grass seeds lodged in their ears and eyes. The grass seed may not necessarily be visible, but the dog will paw continuously at the ear or eye affected.

Emergencies in the home

Some minor injuries, such as tiny cuts or burns, can be dealt with by owners. It is worthwhile preparing to deal with an emergency in advance before it happens. There are many pet care books that cover this subject, and it is also a good idea to buy or create a Pet First Aid Kit. In addition, make sure everyone knows what to do in a crisis. Keep the telephone number of your veterinary practice by the ‘phone, together with a pencil and paper to note down any instructions and fill out your dog’s record card at the back of this leaflet.

Gum disease

Gingivitis, or gum disease, is one of the commonest complaints seen at PDSA PetAid Hospitals. This can be prevented with good oral hygiene from an early age, but your dog’s annual check-up at the vet’s will help reduce the risk of tartar build-up.

Holiday provisions

Preparing for a holiday has to be done well in advance. Are you taking your dog with you, and if so have you checked out the hotel? Are you putting your dog in a kennel? If so, find out what vaccinations may be necessary and book a place well in advance – good kennels get booked up very quickly. Are you getting a house-sitter? Check out the references, and make sure all eventualities are covered.

Parasite prevention care programme

A regular worming, flea and other ectoparasite control programme can be suggested by your vet.

It is quite common for a dog to have fleas, and every dog is likely to become infected at some stage in its life. You will either see flecks of dried blood (‘flea dirt’) in the coat, or fleas themselves, and for every flea you see running through your dog’s fur there may be hundreds of young fleas waiting to jump aboard a passing pet! Young fleas can live for over a year without feeding, so it is particularly important to treat the house and all pets in a flea control programme. The secret is to treat both the dog and the environment with effective products that kill both adult and immature fleas all year round. As well as causing severe skin irritation, fleas play a vital part in the tapeworm’s life cycle.

As well as thinking about fleas, it is vital to make sure you follow the worming regime recommended by a vet. This will get rid of internal parasites, which are a problem for dogs as well as affecting the environment and people.

Road accidents

Some dogs may be involved in road accidents in spite of every sensible precaution a responsible owner takes. If that happens to you, try and keep calm. At the scene of a road accident, try and get as much help as possible – one person to contact the dog’s vet, another to direct traffic. Others can remove the dog from the road if possible, where there is no risk to the pet or the people. If you suspect any spinal injury, move the dog only if absolutely necessary, using a very firm board to keep any movement to a minimum.

Protect your pet with Pet Insurance

If your pet falls ill or has an accident it can be a stressful time both financially and emotionally, especially is you don’t have a Pet insurance policy in place. With the average cost of a course of veterinary treatment rising year-on-year and now standing at over £250*, PDSA urges all pet owners to insure their pet in case of illness or accidents.
*Claims received by PDSA Petsurance between 01/01/05 and 31/12/06

PDSA Petsurance has been designed for all breeds of cat and dog, from moggies and cross-breeds to pedigree champions. There are three different levels of policy for the owner to choose from. PDSA Petsurance was designed by our vets and insurance specialists to ensure all sick and injured pets can receive the veterinary care they need and best of all for animal lovers, a percentage of each policy goes directly back to PDSA to help sick and injured pets.

Read our weekly animal health articles at http://www.in2town.co.uk or http://www.in2town.co.uk/PDSA-animal-magazine-and-animal-advice.html

Following the political upheaval in China and the burning of the Imperial Palace, several Shih Tzu were found alive by British embassy staff and taken to England. The first Shih Tzu introduced in England were brought from Peking by General Sir Douglass and Lady Brownrigg in 1930. A Shih Tzu dog named Hibou and a Shih Tzu bitch named Shu-ssa. About this same time, Miss Madelaine Hutchins imported a Shih Tzu named Lung-Fu-Ssu into Ireland. These three Shih Tzu became the foundation stock for the well-known Taishan Shih Tzu.

Shih Tzu was introduced to Scandinavia by Mme. Henrik Kauffman. Another Shih Tzu, Tashi of Chouette, was brought to England by the Earl of Essex in 1938 and was bred successfully. Three Shih Tzu bitches were imported by General Telfer-Smollett.

The English Kennel Club recognized the Shih Tzu breed in 1934. The Irish Kennel Club recognized the ShihTzu that same year.

Within a few years, Shih Tzu from English kennels were being shipped to America, Canada, Australia, and European countries.

In England there have been four kennels that produced outstanding Shih Tzu that are now found in pedigree in all countries where Shih Tzu are bred and exhibited. The four kennels are Lhakang Elfann, Telota and Greenmoss.

Gay Widdrington’s love affair with the Shih Tzu began when she bought a black and white bitch from Lady Brownrigg. The Shih Tzu breed was very rare at that time. The Shih Tzu puppy Gay Widdrington acquired was only the second generation from the first three Shih Tzu imported into the British Isles from China in 1930. The Shih Tzu puppy was named Mee Na and was quite captivating. She was described as looking like a “fluffy baby owl.”

At this time, Shih Tzu breeding stock was very low and already very “inbred.” When new imported Shih Tzu lines became available, the Lhakang Kennel carried out careful selective Shih Tzu breeding over a period of many years to help introduce and stabilize these new Shih Tzu lines so that the breed could be established on a broader basis. It is largely due to Gay’s efforts that the Shih Tzu breed is one of the few in the British Isles free of serious hereditary problems.

In the late forties Gay and her mother decided to establish a Shih Tzu true-breeding rich gold strain through the line of the Shih Tzu Ishuh Tzu, who had been imported from Shanghai. That Shih Tzu line produced the color and flourished for four decades.

Elfann Kennel owned by Elfreda Evans came into the Shih Tzu breed in 1951. She decided she would do something drastic to improve the Shih Tzu breed. She mated a black Shih Tzu bitch to a black and white Pekingese dog, who had unusually straight front legs for a Pekingese.

Freda had an excellent eye for beauty as well as quality. She felt the Shih Tzu she had seen were too big, leggy, rangy, plain in the face and often wild in temperament. These Shih Tzu certainly would not have pleased the Dowager Empress was the thoughts of Freda. Since she had heard in China the shaggy Lion Dogs (Shih Tzu) had been crossed with Pekingese every few generations. She decided to do likewise to keep the Shih Tzu breed on the right lines. It was not very well taken by many.

I have two little Shih Tzu, Danny and Jane Jane that resemble Pekingese. These Shih Tzu are both one year of age and weigh in at 4 pounds. It is my opinion, their Shih Tzu size is a result of some of this crossbreeding, and most likely would have made the Empress Dowager “smile.” My Danny and Jane Jane are exquisite little treasures of mine at Stain Glass Shih Tzu. I must say they have the “sweetest” disposition of all the Shih Tzu I have ever owned. These tiny treasures are very rare in the world of Shih Tzu today.

This is Bandit, a four-year-old male Pekingese after he went to the groomed and got his hair cut for the summer.

Edgar the Pekingese goes after the pool backwash

Dogs have long been known to be man’s trusted and loving companion. Children especially love to have them as pets. However, not all dogs are suitable for children as some dog breeds can unintentionally harm them. So before giving your children the pet that they have always wanted, consider first the age of your child, your personal and home lifestyle and the general nature and temperament of the breed.
There are specific breeds that are naturally ideal for family with kids. These breeds are the intelligent ones with moderate energy level and right temperament. These breeds are the following:

•    Beagle. These dogs are not too big making them very ideal for kids. They are also friendly, clever and they can also be trained well.

•    Bichon Frise. This little breed is usually docile. They are not to hyper but they love to play. Kids would also love their fluffy, white hair.

•    English Cocker Spaniel. Cocker Spaniels are good watchdogs. They are also obedient and are gifted with agility.

•    German Shepherd. This breed is very playful especially when they are around children. They are also loyal and protective but they must also be trained well.

•    Labrador Retriever or Golden Retriever. These breeds are both smart and great with kids. They are also known for their loyalty and enthusiasm.  They just need regular training and grooming,

•    Poodle. Poodles are smart, energetic and have good temperament. Parents could also choose from different size choices— toy, miniature and standard.
All those breeds have been known to be affectionate and with energy level that could keep up with each family member. Some of them are even known to baby-sit so they are indeed perfect for homes with children.

More often, parents make a common mistake of thinking that cute-looking and miniature dog breeds are good for their children. Thus, they buy these kinds of dogs without considering first their nature or temperaments. Some of these breeds are: Afghan Hound, Borzoi, Akita, Affenpinscher, Pekingese, Puli, Lhasa Apso Shih Tzu, Basenji, Yorkshire Terrier, Chow Chow, Schnauzers and Chesapeake Bay Retriever. These breeds are not recommended for young children as they are unfriendly by nature. They are also sensitive and may have the tendency to be aggressive when teased.

Giving your kids their dream dog may really be an ideal gift. Learning about the different dog breeds good for kids will not just grant them their dream pets, however, but will also show how particular you are when it comes to their welfare. So when looking for the right dog for your home, visit your local rescue group and ask about the dogs that have been in foster care. Let them recommend the dog perfect for you and your kids’ lifestyle. If you want a purebred dog, research for the best breeders in town and know everything about the temperament and history of the dog of your choice. And once the dog is home, give them the right amount of attention and training so that you won’t ever regret giving them to your kids.

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Acute Coughing

Although we have discussed the issue of your dog having a persistent and constant coughing problem, acute coughing can be a sign of something a little less dangerous, but important nevertheless.  Acute coughing may be a sign of kennel cough, acute bronchitis, inhalation pneumonia, a foreign object in the airway, or even an infection of the tonsils, larynx, or pharynx.  Kennel cough is contracted from other dogs which causes inflammation of the voice box.  Bronchitis is caused by a bacterial or allergic inflammation to the bronchi in the lungs.  And of course any foreign object stuck in the lung will cause acute coughing.

What to do: Kennel cough is extremely contagious so be sure to isolate your dog and get him to the veterinarian right away.  Cough suppressants can be given to your dog to ease the pain.  Medications an be administered to treat any of the above infections.  And if there is only a foreign object stuck, then the vet can pull it out with forceps.

Snoring

There are many breed of dogs that have elongated soft palates that hang at the back of the throat, especially those dogs with compressed faces.  This soft palate interferes with the larynx and produces a snore.  An allergic inflammation in the throat can also be the cause of your dog’s snoring problem.  Also, snoring is enhanced if the dog has narrow nostrils and larynx.

What to do: Although snoring may not seem like a series issue, it is always best to consult your vet for a full checkup.  And if you have a dog breed such as the Pekingese or Pug that snores, this could be a sign of potential heart and breathing problems.  Your dog may have surgical reduction of the length of the soft palate to reduce or eliminate the snoring issue.

Changing Of Your Dog’s Voice

If you notice that your dog’s bark is altered in any way, then it could be due to damage of the larynx.  Also, allergic reactions from bee stings can cause laryngeal swelling.  Worst case scenario for the older dog is that a tumor has developed.

What to do: Your vest may give your dog antihistamines or anti-inflammatories to reduce allergic swelling.  If the problem is as severe as a tumors, then your dog will undergo surgery to have the tumor removed.

There is evidence that Maltese type dogs were present in China as early as 8000 B.C. Maltese are white. It is very likely these white Maltese type dogs were interbred in Tibet with Tibetan Terriers to produce the Lhasa Apso type temple dogs. Those presented by wandering Lamas were likely bred with the existing Pekingese type dogs. A few paintings and art objects dating back to the seventh century depict dogs resembling the Shih Tzu. Some of our white Shih Tzu today probably is a result of these early breedings with the Maltese. I have one solid white female who does look a lot Maltese, however, he pedigree shows only Shih Tzu ancestors.

During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) the Shih Tzu type dog was a cherished pet – highly favored by the royal family. A cult-like worship for the Shih Tzu developed at this period. Eunuchs were charged with duties of breeding and rearing the beautiful Shih Tzu royal pets. Competition among the eunuchs to gain royal favor became fierce, as each tried to breed the best Shih Tzu, most lion like, and most ferocious looking specimens of Shih Tzu.

Surgery was used to shorten noses of the Shih Tzu. Women who bore female offspring were used to nurse Shih Tzu puppies after their babies were murdered mercilessly so as not to disrupt an abundantly even flow of milk from human nurses to nursing Shih Tzu puppies.

The Ming Dynasty was marked by the development of the arts, especially in porcelain, textiles, and painting. Sculptures, wall-hangings and paintings from this time period depict dogs resembling the Shih Tzu.

The Manchu Dynasty extended from 1644 to 1912. Throughout this period, tribute gifts of pairs of Shih Tzu and Lhasa Apso were sent to Chinese rules from the Potala Palace.

Through the first two centuries of the Manchu Dynasty, the Shih Tzu and the Lhasa Apso were more similar than they are today. But it probably has been only in the last hunred or hundred fifty years that specialized breeding programs in the Forbidden City and in the West established uniformity in conformation to really distinguish between the two breeds of the Lhasa Apso and the Shih Tzu.

The Shih Tzu went through several stages while its breeding was confined to the palaces of the Chinese Emperors. For centuries the royal family included a very large number of sub-royalty and servants. They traveled from their summer courts to their winter quarters in procession – complete with household and personal possessions, which of course included their Shih Tzu and other pets. The description of this massive semiannual exodus along with their Shih Tzu was one reminiscent of a very large circus parade.

The Shih Tzu came into its heyday as the pampered darling of the Chinese Imperial Palaces during the reign of the last Empress, who came into power in 1861 and continued as Empress until her death in 1908.

In her youth she was known to her family as Orchid, of the Yehonala family. She was Manchu, not Chinese, background and was of humble origin. At 17 years of age she became the beautiful concubine of the Emperor in the Forbidden City. She rose to power as a brilliant strategist and was the mother of the Emperor’s first-born son. In later years she was known as the earthly embodiment of the Goddess of Mercy. This great personality was the patroness of the Palace Dog – the Shih Tzu.

Few dog breeds have such a well-documented and exciting history as the Shih Tzu.  The Shih Tzu’s entire history is steeped in legends, myths and mystery.  However, we have fossil records that tell us the brachycephalic (short-skulled, short-nosed, flat-faced) dog breeds, which include the Shih Tzu, Pug, and Pekingese originated in Central Asia.  In addition, we also have written history and legends to help us sort of piece together the last 3,000 plus years of the Shih Tzu’s history.  There are meticulously maintained Shih Tzu breeding records and pedigrees for more than 50 years as well.

Many historians believe the Asian dog breeds originated in Tibet and reached China as early as 1,400 years ago.  The Chinese traded silk in exchange for pet dogs along the Great Wall of China.  The Dalai Lamas also gave “holy dogs”  to the Chinese imperial courts as diplomatic gifts and tributes during the Manchu dynasty (1644-1911).  In literature the Shih Tzu is mentioned by name in the late fourteenth century.

In China breeding and raising Shih Tzu were the responsibility of the eunuchs of the imperial court.  Eunuchs who produced the best dogs were rewarded with gifts.  Competition between the eunuchs to produce and raise the most attractive Shih Tzu was fierce.  The best Shih Tzu specimens were painted in the imperial dog books and tapestries.

The Shih Tzu was considered to bring good luck.  These regal little Shih Tzu followed on the heels of emperors and empresses.  If you have ever owned a Shih Tzu, you will find one of their favorite activities is following around after you and right on the heels of your feet is where they try to ride.  Shih Tzu think they should make each and every step you make.  I have one Shih Tzu at the present time, Duke, by name, who tries to walk with me in between my feet.  It is quite amusing. 

It was against the law to sell any of the royal dogs in China during the Manchu dynasty.  The punishment was death.

As war dominated the political picture in Asia the “Lion Dogs” was added to the list of tragic casualties.  By 1884 the American Kennel Club was founded and was registering thousands of dogs.  There were no Shih Tzu among them.

In 1908 the thirteenth Dalai Lama gave the Empress Dowager of China some Shih Tzu-type dogs.  The Empress fell passionately in love with these little dogs.  She instructed the court eunuchs to maintain a breeding program for many years.  Although the Empress Dowager was noted to be a cruel dictator she had a soft spot in her heart for the little Shih Tzu.  The Empress Dowager was the person who most influenced the development of the Shih Tzu.  At her death in 1908,  some of the imperial palace Shih Tzu were sold to wealthy individuals or given as gifts to foreign dignitaries an visitors. 

It is questionable as to how many of these survived as it has been noted some of the eunuchs fed the Imperial Palace Shih Tzu  glass to keep them from surviving.  They were so possessive of their Imperial Palace bloodlines, this was the only way they could think of to keep others from gaining access to their secrets.

The Shih Tzu, a little dog with a big story to tell has much, much more to say.

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My little pekingese barking and growling for her toy that I stole from her.

SOURI is pekingese dog! He is very crazy!! SOURI’s Blog souri-house.jugem.jp

The earliest “Lion Dog” in Tibet had long hair, were small in size and similar to the Maltese in type. As Tibet and China exchanged traditions and beliefs of culture and religion, the exchange of dogs became a two-way affair as well. The Chinese definitely interbred their small dogs, which were of many varieties, with the Tibetans with long hair, and the people of Tibet no doubt interbred their small dog with those from the Chinese people.

The outcome of this interbreeding eventually became the Shih Tzu. The Chinese called the Shih Tzu “Tibetan Lion Dog.” The Apso was also involved with the interbreeding practices. The Tibetans called the Apso, “ApsoSeng Kyi” or “Apso Lion Dog.”

The Chinese tried to retain the characteristics they admired, which was the unnaturally short face and broad head, the wide barrel-like chest and the low-to-the-ground look.

The Tibetans, however, could not hold these same characteristics because of the climate and environment of their land. Tibet is an area of high altitudes. The very short face with restricted nasal development (which incidentally gives many Shih Tzu lovers a great pain to deal with at times) and the heavy body and short legs of the Chinese Shih Tzu would be at a disadvantage in these conditions. They could not breathe and survive in the high altitudes of Tibet. The Lhasa Apso could survive in Tibet. The Tibetans produced a dog slightly modified from the Chinese dog of a similar ancestry which was the Lhasa Apso.

The Tibetan Terrier (also involved in the exchanges between Tibet and China) is probably closes to the basic canine with a long head, compact and natural in conformation. Then comes the Apso, which begins to show the influence of some of the Chinese type. This influence resulted in a smaller dog, shorter on leg than the terrier relative, shorter nose than the terrier, and the teeth and jaw formation revealed a shortening of the face. The eyes are more frontally placed.

The eyes of the Shih Tzu have always been one of its most valued signature characteristics. I have never met a Shih Tzu that did not have a warm expression that radiated through its eyes. Some Shih Tzu has this characteristic greater than others. They are almost human-like.

When comparing the Shih Tzu to the Apso, one can see the most distinct Chinese characteristics. I have had Shih Tzu that look as if you are absolutely looking right at a Chinese in person. I am amazed at how the Chinese accomplished this. It truly was a work of art, as they did not breed according to pedigree as we do. They bred according to a picture of their minds of what they wanted the Shih Tzu to look like. Most of the time, their goal was to create the Shih Tzu to resemble what they thought a Lion should look like, and they apparently also, created Shih Tzu to resemble themselves in the face.

Smallness must have been fashionable and something of a status symbol in both the Apso and the Shih Tzu as well as the Pekingese. The Pekingese were also involved in the interbreedings to reduce size.

It should be noted here, however, that this article addresses the history and development of the Shih Tzu breed. The American Shih Tzu Club’s Code of Ethics clearly states it is against their rules, ethics, standards to breed our present day Shih Tzu with any other breed. It must be understood that this article is not an endorsement of any kind of practice that is against the rules and regulations of The American Shih Tzu Club or the American Kennel Club. This is an article regarding the history and development of our Shih Tzu.

One of the most favorite subjects for the craftsman in porcelain and earthenware has been toy dogs in particular. In Chinese work it has been hard to distinguish between the lion and the dog. The lion-dog and the dog-lion share a lot of Chinese myth. The dogs of Fo during the reign of K’ang Hsi were dogs, however, and not lions. In the city of Peking in 1680 the Emperor K’ang His set up an imperial kiln. At that time it was possible there were a million people working porcelain at 3,000 kilns. This production situation has never been matched.

Dogs of Fo, also sometimes called guardian lions, are found frequently, generally in pairs and usually with the male playing with the traditional woven ball and the female with one of her cubs. Dogs of Fo were made in huge quantities between the years of 1662 and 1722. They were without doubt small dogs of the Pekingese type. It has often been said that it is very doubtful the Chinese ever saw a real lion during this time they referred to these animals as being lion-like, and that it is much more likely the Dogs of Fo, even though they had somewhat of a lion look, were actually dogs and not lions.

Pugs in pottery are seen even more frequently than the Pekingese type of the Dogs of Fo. A pottery artist named Kaendler, who created works at the Meissen factory used Pugs often.

In the eighteenth-century Staffordshire potters began to produce models of Pugs. Their early efforts were not all that nice as representations of the pugs. These pieces of pottery are becoming more and more valuable; however, they do not look like the typical specimen of the Pug. They are pot-bellied, long in the leg and have peculiar expressions.

The French sculptor, Francois Roubiliac, created a piece that looked much more like the Pug. The head looks like a Pug. The tail may not be just right and the legs are still rather long, but this was quite an improvement from what had been created earlier. It could also be that the models of Pugs did have longer legs.

Sculptors are still creating Pugs today and as time goes on, the pieces continue to look more and more like a real Pug.

One of the most interesting little dogs portrayed in porcelain was the dog of Madame de Pompadour, produced in Vincennes around 1750. It is felt that this piece if almost certainly a Maltese. The little Maltese is now a rare collector’s piece.

The toy spaniel is another breed of toy dog that has been a favorite of the pottery modeler over the centuries. At one time most all households had a representation in pottery of their pet dog, or even a pair of dogs, sitting on their mantelpiece. Most of these were most likely toy spaniels, almost certainly Cavalier King Charles spaniels. They were produced by the thousands, but do have a great charm. The details of the face were hand-painted and each one was slightly different. Younger people did most of the color work on these pieces, which gave the pieces an air of enjoyment and youth in keeping with the whole character of toy dogs in general.

In the years of 1820 to 1850 the majority of these pieces was sold at country fairs and was surprisingly high quality. By early Victorian times almost all cottages had pottery figures and the dog, which was so much a part of the life of country people, it was just a natural choice to become a popular subject for pottery makers. Many pottery makers made dogs, but it was Staffordshire potteries that produced them the thousands.

Almost every breed was modeled at some or another and no two are ever absolutely identical due to each potter and painter’s slightly different style. They all did have some common features. They were almost usually all white with spots and patches of red or gold on ears and body. They usually had a padlock hanging from the collar and a chain slung across the brisket and over the back, most often in gold.

What do all these pottery pieces of dogs tell us? They tell us not so much about how the dogs looked at the time, but more that toy dogs in particular, enjoyed a lot of popularity in the early nineteenth century. Dogs, particularly the toy dogs, were as much a family member then as they are now, and probably even more now than then. The pet and pet care industry is one of the most lucrative businesses there is in the year of 2006.

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Some westerner breeders challenge the assumption that the Shih Tzu from Tibet were on occasion interbred with the native Pekingese to reduce the Shih Tzu to a smaller size. However, there are those in China at the time who probably have a better position to know exactly what did happen. There are several statements made by different people who was actually in China at the time the Shih Tzu were crossed with the Pekingese. Colonel Valentine Burkhardt for one points out that the Shih Tzu were most definitely crossed with the Pekingese. The Chinese did not breed by pedigree. They bred according to the image they had of the Lion Dog. Cross-breeding with the Pekingese was apparently done to reduce the size of the Shih Tzu. It is also felt the cross-breedings occurred to flatten the forehead, making it more lion-like in Chinese eyes.

There was a definite “Peke cross” in England in 1952 with the specific purpose of eliminating certain faults in the breed. The cross was done with the full knowledge of the British Kennel Club. This cross was made under the supervision of Miss E.M. Evans, a distinguished breeder of the Pekingese, who grew to love the Shih Tzu and felt a conviction that this step was necessary for the betterment of the breed in England. In defense of her action, she explained that the Shih Tzu in her homeland of England were “too large, too high on leg, too long of muzzle with very bad pigmentation and too closely inbred.” Miss Evans bred a Shih Tzu bitch, Elfann Fenling of Yram, to a beautifully coated black and white Pekingese, Philadephus Suti T’Sun of Elfann, who had perfect pigment and large dark eyes. His only fault was straight legs. The offspring of this outcross were bred back to purebred Shih Tzu, one from each generation, and the successive breedings were fully recorded with the British Kennel Club in the crossbred register. This outcross proved to be quite successful in correcting the pigmentation and creating the shorter leg Shih Tzu.

During this time period the Shih Tzu were mostly terribly big, near 18 pounds in weight. The smallest one found by Mrs. Jungefeldt was black and white named Fu-Ling of Clystvale. He was low on legs, strong chest and weighed about 9 ½ pounds, and probably the smallest Shih Tzu in England at the time.

The proper type of Pekingese has been a subject over which there has been considerable controversy. The most debated point is the size. At one point in the Pekingese history it looked as if there would be two types. Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox suggested one should be called “The Peking Palace dog” and the other should be called “The Peking Spaniel.” It was felt this would cause too much confusion and the suggestion was not implemented. One might guess The Peking Palace Dog was a small version of the Pekingese, and the Peking Spaniel was the larger version.

It is for certain the Pekingese must have a broad head, flat and wide between the ears, not domed or apple-headed. The eyes of Pekingese must be dark, large and lustrous, very prominent and set wide apart.

His muzzle is short, broad, well cushioned up and wrinkled. The Pekingese should have a quaint grotesque expression and not what might be termed a “pretty” face at all. The slightly undershot mouth improves the foreface and finish of the Pekingese as long as the teeth do not show. The nose should be jet black, very broad and flat. The ears in a good specimen of the Pekingese are long and fully feathered. Around the neck there is a bushy mane or frill.

The legs are one of the chief characteristics of the Pekingese, and they should be short and heavy, with as much bone as possible. They are well bowed out at elbows and profusely feathered. The feet are flat and covered with long hair.

The chest of a Pekingese should be broad and deep. The body should be short, heavy in front, and falling away in the loins like that of a Lion. The Pekingese should have a well feathered tail carried high and turned up over the back.

The coat of a Pekingese should be abundant with long thick hair that is soft to the touch, not ever curly. He should have a thick undercoat. The hair on thighs and legs should be particularly long.

Colors are many and include reds, blacks, black and tans, fawn, biscuit, chinchilla, sable and many variously shaded parti-colours. One of the most popular colors of the Pekingese is the rich, golden chestnut, which is found in most of the Goodwood strain. It has been said that in China the most valued color of the Pekingese was a golden fawn. Dogs of that shade are called “Sun Dogs,” because of their glimmering, sunshiny appearance. In the Far East an all white Pekingese would be thought exceedingly rare.

A description found in the “Twentieth Century Dog,” was said to be the words of Her Imperial Majesty Tsze-Hsi, Dowager Empress of China:

”Let the Lion dog be small; let it wear the swelling cape of dignity round its neck; let it display the billowing standard of pomp above its neck.

”Let its face be black; let its forefront be shaggy; let its forehead be straight and low, like unto the brow of an Imperial harmony boxer.

”Let its eyes be large and luminous; let its ears be set like the sail of a war junk; let its nose be like that of the monkey god of the Hindoos.

”Let its body be shaped like that of a hunting Lion spying for its prey.

”Let its forelegs be bent, so that it shall not desire to travel far, or leave the Imperial precincts.

”Let its feet be tufted with plentiful hair, that its footfalls may be soundless; for its standard of pomp let it rival the whisk of the Thibetan yak.

”Let it be lively, that I may afford entertainment by its gambols.

”And for its colour let it be that of a lion, a golden sable, to be carried in the sleeve of a yellow robe, or the colour of a read bear, or a black bear, or a white bear, or striped like a dragon, so that there may be dogs appropriate to every costume in the Imperial wardrobe.

”Thus shall it preserve its integrity and self-respect.”

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The Pekingese, also known as Peking Palasthund and Little Lion Dog of Peking, are among the favorite American pets of the twenty-first century. The Pekingese is also referred to as a sleeve dog because it is said the Chinese royalty carried the little Peke in the sleeves of their robes.

There were no real lions in China. However, the Lion of Buddha was a sacred symbol from about the first century A.D. The artist of those days portrayed Buddhist’s symbols remarkably like the emperor’s palace dogs. The Pekingese were probably the artists’ models. Until 1860 the Pekingese was kept only by the imperial family. The Imperial family designated three types:

• Lion Dogs for their manes and large forequarters;
• Sun Dogs because of their golden red coats;
• And Sleeve Dogs because they were often carried inside the rather large sleeves of the royal families.

According to historians when the British raided the Chinese Imperial Palace in 1860, they carried off five of these little dogs. One of these little dogs was presented to Queen Victoria and named “Looty.” The remaining four were given to Admiral John Hay. In John Hay’s Greenwood Castle these four Pekingese became the foundation stock for today’s Western Pekingese.

Very little is known or available of the ancestors of the Pekingese. We do know Oriental breeding was common to produce small type pug-faced dogs with flowing coats.

The Pekingese is probably better suited to adult families or those with older children who understand the need of careful handling of small dogs. The Pekingese is sociable and loves to romp with its family. He can be somewhat stubborn, never loses courage or dignity. He is even-tempered, intelligent and affectionate. The Pekingese is a loyal companion. He is best trained with gentleness, consistency and with great patience. Reward every appropriate action with a kind word and a special treat. The Pekingese is usually not known as an alarm dog. He usually resents strangers, is bold, brave and may develop into a watchdog if encouraged.

The Pekingese have not changed a lot since they were residents of the royal palace of China. They are still small and compatible little dogs. They were bred to please their royal owners. Following the fall of the Chinese palace in 1860 they were seen in Great Britain. The AKC registered the Pekingese in 1906 and the breed has grown in popularity since that time.

Pekingese do not require a lot of exercise, long walks with its owner and backyard playtime is plenty for the Peke.

Grooming

You guessed it…..the Pekingese does require quite a bit of grooming. Its coat is abundant, long, straight, flat and flowing. Most Pekingese have a black mask that extends to the ears and are seen in many different colors. Grooming should begin very early in the life of a Pekingese puppy. The fine coat tangles easy. Care must be taken to straighten or clip out mats as they form. The top coat is coarse with a thick undercoat. There is a profuse mane extending beyond its shoulders which forms a cape around the neck.

You will need a slicker or pin brush and a wide-toothed comb. Brushing regularly is essential. Pet Pekingese are more comfortable having their stomach, chest and genital area clipped very short. Show dog Pekingese, however, are not clipped in this manner.

Yoda is a 2 year old Pekingese dog.

cas is asserting his dominance over poor old chuckles